車架是什么
What is the frame
濟(jì)南奧迪汽車維修廠家提醒，車架是跨接在汽車前后車橋上的框架式結(jié)構(gòu)，俗稱大梁，是汽車的基體，就像人類的骨架。
Jinan Audi car repair manufacturer reminds that the frame is a frame structure that spans the front and rear axles of the car, commonly known as the main beam, which is the base of the car, just like the human skeleton.
車架的作用
The function of the frame
支撐、連接汽車各總成，使各總成保持相對正確的安裝位置，并承載汽車內(nèi)外的各種載荷。必須具有足夠的強(qiáng)度和剛度，以承受汽車的載荷和從車輪傳來的沖擊。
Support and connect various car assemblies to maintain their relative correct installation positions and carry various loads inside and outside the car. It must have sufficient strength and stiffness to withstand the load of the car and the impact transmitted from the wheels.
車架的組成
Composition of the frame
一般由兩根縱梁和幾根橫梁組成，經(jīng)由懸掛裝置、前橋、后橋支承在車輪上。
It is generally composed of two longitudinal beams and several crossbeams, supported on the wheels through suspension devices, front and rear axles.
車架的分類
Classification of frame
車架目前根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)形式不同分為周邊式車架、脊梁式車架、梯形車架及桁架式車架。
The frame is currently divided into peripheral frame, backbone frame, trapezoidal frame, and truss frame based on different structural forms.
周邊式車架（大型轎車常用）
Peripheral frame (commonly used in large sedans)
車架中部加寬，不設(shè)橫梁，其主要件常用封閉形斷面。
The middle of the frame is widened without a crossbeam, and its main components are often enclosed in sections.
特點(diǎn)：地板高度低、乘客艙面積大、結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、易于制造等。
Features: Low floor height, large passenger compartment area, simple structure, easy to manufacture, etc.
脊梁式車架（貨車）
Backbone frame (truck)
脊梁式車架只有一根位于且貫穿汽車前后的縱梁?？v梁斷面形關(guān)可以是圓管或箱形。
The backbone frame has only one longitudinal beam located in the center and running through the front and rear of the car. The cross-sectional shape of the longitudinal beam can be circular or box shaped.
特點(diǎn)：車架質(zhì)量小、強(qiáng)度與鋼度較大。同時車架的制造精度要求高、保養(yǎng)維修困難。
Features: The frame has low mass, high strength and rigidity. At the same time, the manufacturing accuracy requirements of the frame are high, and maintenance and repair are difficult.
梯形車架（商用貨車及部分客車）
Trapezoidal frame (commercial trucks and some passenger cars)
由兩根縱梁和若干橫梁組成?？v梁斷面形狀為槽形、Z字形或箱形等。
Composed of two longitudinal beams and several crossbeams. The cross-sectional shape of the longitudinal beam is groove shaped, Z-shaped, or box shaped.
縱梁在水平面內(nèi)或縱向平面內(nèi)可以做成彎曲的。
Longitudinal beams can be bent in a horizontal or longitudinal plane.
特點(diǎn)：抗彎強(qiáng)度大，零件安裝堅固、方便等。
Features: High bending strength, sturdy and convenient installation of parts, etc.
桁架式車架（賽車）
Truss frame (racing)
桁架式車架由鋼管組合焊接而成。
The truss frame is composed of welded steel pipes.
特點(diǎn)：剛度大，質(zhì)量小，但是制造困難。
Features: High stiffness, low mass, but difficult to manufacture.
架式車架由鋼管組合焊接而成。具有剛度大、質(zhì)量小的特點(diǎn)，但制造困難，主要用于賽車。
The frame is composed of welded steel pipes. It has the characteristics of high stiffness and low mass, but it is difficult to manufacture and is mainly used for racing.
副車架
Subframe
副車架并非完整的車架，只是支承前后車橋、懸架的支架，使車橋、懸掛通過它再與“正車架”相連，習(xí)慣上稱為“副架”。
The subframe is not a complete frame, but a bracket that supports the front and rear axles and suspensions, connecting them to the "front frame" through it, commonly known as the "subframe".
車架斷裂或變形的原因
Reasons for frame breakage or deformation
1、汽車行駛在不平路面上，引起的車架垂直沖擊載荷，超過車架的許用應(yīng)力。另外，在汽車上下坡、轉(zhuǎn)彎或裝載不均時，也會引起車架局部過載而導(dǎo)致車架斷裂。
1. The vertical impact load on the vehicle frame caused by driving on uneven roads exceeds the allowable stress of the frame. In addition, when the car is going up or down slopes, turning, or loading unevenly, it can also cause local overloading of the frame and cause it to break.
2、車架設(shè)計或附屬裝置造成局部轉(zhuǎn)矩而使車架斷裂。如有的車架縱梁前部橫截面較小，同時因發(fā)動機(jī)和變速器的影響，故橫梁分布較少，從而使車架的剛度變差，若在動載作用下，可能導(dǎo)致縱梁前部斷裂，即常見在縱梁下翼斷裂。另外，車架還受垂宜于縱梁的懸臂載荷（如油箱、懸架和備胎等）所產(chǎn)生的局部扭曲，也是造成車架斷裂的原因。
2. The frame design or accessory devices cause local torque that causes the frame to break. If the front cross-sectional area of some frame longitudinal beams is small, and due to the influence of the engine and transmission, the distribution of the transverse beams is less, resulting in a decrease in the stiffness of the frame. If under dynamic load, it may cause the front of the longitudinal beam to fracture, which is commonly seen in the lower wing of the longitudinal beam. In addition, the frame is also subjected to local twisting caused by cantilever loads perpendicular to the longitudinal beam (such as fuel tank, suspension, and spare tire), which is also the cause of frame fracture.
3、汽車行駛時，前輪一側(cè)受到很大阻力，使車架易發(fā)生對角線的平面變形。
3. When a car is driving, there is significant resistance on one side of the front wheel, which makes the frame prone to diagonal plane deformation.
4、汽車發(fā)生撞擊事故，嚴(yán)重的撞擊會造成車架變形
4. Car collision accidents, severe impacts can cause frame deformation
車架變形是指車架改變了原來的幾何形狀，并使在車架上安裝的各總成零件相對位置發(fā)生變化，引程車輛的技術(shù)狀況變壞，導(dǎo)致汽車不能正常行駛。車架變形常因作用于車架的力超過其彈性極限，當(dāng)作用于車架的力消除后，車架不能恢復(fù)原狀，形成了殘余變形。還有什么問題就來我們網(wǎng)站
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Frame deformation refers to the change in the original geometric shape of the frame, resulting in changes in the relative positions of various assembly parts installed on the frame, and the deterioration of the technical condition of the vehicle, resulting in the inability of the vehicle to operate normally. Frame deformation is often caused by the force acting on the frame exceeding its elastic limit. After the force applied to the frame is eliminated, the frame cannot be restored to its original state, resulting in residual deformation. If you have any further questions, please come to our website http://www.fmghkd.cn Consult!
