Most of the structure of the bumper is relatively simple, now focus on the structure of the more complex plastic bumper and energy absorbing bumper are introduced.

1.塑料保險杠的結(jié)構(gòu)

1. Structure of plastic bumper

塑料保險杠由外板、緩沖材料和橫梁三部分組成。其中外板和緩沖材料用塑料制成，橫梁用塑料制成，橫梁用厚度為1.5mm左右的冷軋薄板沖壓成U形槽；外板和緩沖材料附著在橫梁上，橫梁與車架縱梁用螺栓連接，可以隨時拆卸下來。塑料保險杠使用的塑料主要有聚酯系和聚丙烯系兩種材料，采用注射成形法制成。

The plastic bumper is composed of outer plate, buffer material and cross beam. The outer plate and buffer material are made of plastic, the cross beam is made of plastic, and the cross beam is punched into a U-shaped groove with a thickness of about 1.5mm cold rolled sheet; the outer plate and buffer material are attached to the cross beam, and the cross beam and the frame longitudinal beam are connected by bolts, which can be removed at any time. Plastic bumpers are mainly made of polyester and polypropylene materials by injection molding.

2.吸能保險杠的結(jié)構(gòu)

2. Structure of energy absorbing bumper

吸能保險杠中的吸能器主要有如下4種。

There are mainly four kinds of energy absorbers in the energy absorbing bumper.

（l）活塞式吸能器

(l) Piston energy absorber

該吸能器與減振器相似，如圖8-13所示。它有一個充滿液壓流體的氣缸，受沖擊時，充滿惰性氣體的活塞被壓入氣缸，液壓流體在壓力下經(jīng)過小孔流入活塞，受控的液壓流體沖擊所產(chǎn)生的能量推動活塞管中的浮動活塞，從而壓縮惰性氣體。當(dāng)沖擊力釋放時，壓縮氣體的壓力促使液壓流體從活寨管返回氣缸，這種作用使得保險杠回到原來的位置。

The absorber is similar to the shock absorber, as shown in Figure 8-13. It has a cylinder filled with hydraulic fluid. When impacted, the piston filled with inert gas is pressed into the cylinder. The hydraulic fluid flows into the piston through a small hole under pressure. The energy generated by the impact of controlled hydraulic fluid pushes the floating piston in the piston tube to compress the inert gas. When the impact force is released, the pressure of the compressed gas causes the hydraulic fluid to return from the flexible pipe to the cylinder, which makes the bumper return to its original position.

（2）彈簧式吸能器

(2) Spring energy absorber

沖擊時，流體從儲存器經(jīng)過量閥進(jìn)入外氣缸。當(dāng)沖擊力釋放時，吸能器的彈簧使得保險杠回到原來的位置。

During the impact, the fluid flows from the reservoir to the outer cylinder through the metering valve. When the impact is released, the spring of the energy absorber makes the bumper return to its original position.

（3）隔離式吸能器

(3) Isolated energy absorber

它的工作原理很像電動機座，在隔離式吸能器與車架之間有橡膠墊。受沖擊時，隔離式吸能器隨著沖擊力而動，使橡膠墊伸展。橡膠恢復(fù)原形（除非因沖擊而從其底座撕裂），從而使保險杠回到正常位置。

Its working principle is very similar to the motor base, and there is a rubber pad between the isolated energy absorber and the frame. When impacted, the isolated energy absorber moves with the impact force to extend the rubber pad. The rubber is restored to its original shape (unless it is torn from its base due to impact), thus returning the bumper to its normal position.

（4）泡沫墊吸能器

(4) foam cushion energy absorber

泡沫墊吸能器是在沖擊桿和塑料面桿或蓋之間，采用厚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫墊，從而代替在車架和面桿或加強桿之間安裝吸能器。該墊是按在4km/h的沖撞下能回跳到原來的形狀而設(shè)計的。

The foam cushion energy absorber is between the impact bar and the plastic surface rod or the cover, and uses the thick ethyl carbamate foam pad to replace the energy absorber installed between the frame and the face bar or the reinforcing rod. The cushion is designed to jump back to the original shape under the impact of 4km / h.

以上就是汽車保險杠的結(jié)構(gòu)的介紹了，大家都了解了嗎。希望我的分享能夠給你解答困擾。跟這位朋友有同樣問題的都可以關(guān)注我哦

The above is the introduction of the structure of the car bumper, do you understand it. I hope my share can give you answers. Anyone who has the same problem with this friend can pay attention to me